e-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- (*ḫeĝ(h)om)

    e-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- (*ḫeĝ(h)om)

    English meaning: this, etc. (demonstrative stem); one

    Note: Root e-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- : “this, etc. (demonstrative stem); one” derived from the reduced Root eĝ-, eĝ(h)om, eĝō : “I”. Indic languages display -ĝ- > -y-, Germanic -ĝ- > -g-, Italic -ĝh- > -cc, kk-, Slavic -ĝh- > -d- phonetic mutatIon.

    Deutsche Übersetzung: paradigmatisch verbundene Pronominalstamme “the, er”

    Note: (e, i probably originally demonstrative particle). To i- is joined the relative stem i̯o-. Summarizing representation offer esp. Brugmann Dem. 32 ff., BSGW. 60, 41 ff., Grundr. II2 2, 324 ff., Pedersen Pron. dém. 311 ff.

    Material: A. case-by-case used forms: O.Ind. ayám “he” = gthAv. ауǝ̄m, jAv. aēm (after ahám “I” widened ar. *ai = IE *ei; IE *ei of stem e-, as *qʷo-i of stem kʷo-, not lengthened grade to i-); O.Ind. idám “ it “ (without the secondary -am-extension O.Ind. ít, Av. it̃ as emphasizing particle), O.Ind. iyám (extended from *ī-) = Av. īm (i.e. iyǝm), O.Pers. iyam “ she “, acc. sg. m. O.Ind. imám (extended from *im) = O.Pers. imam (that after f. imüm etc.), gen. m. n. asyá, ásya = Av. ahe, fem. O.Ind. asyǘ ḥ = Av. aiŋ́ hü̊ , dat. m. n. asmüí , ásmüi = Av. ahmüi, gen. pl. m. n. ēšǘ m = Av. aēšą m, dat. abl. pl. m. O.Ind. ēbhyá ḥ = Av. aēibyō etc.; gthAv. as[-čit̃ ], ǝ̄ each once n. sg. m.; of stem ü- pl. fem. gen. O.Ind. üsǘ m = Av. ǘŋhąm, dat. abl. übhyá ḥ = Av. übyō etc. Maybe Alb. (*ayám) ay, ai “he”, ayo, ajo ‘she” : O.Ind. ayám “he” Kуpr. ἴν “ him, her “ (seems also in μίν, νίν blocked, s. Schwyzer Gk. I 6081); here Lesb. Thess. Hom. ἴα (*ii̯ǝ) “ one, a single “ (originally “just this, only this”), Hom. ἰῆς, ἰῆ, thereafter also n. Hom. ἰῶ?; different Schwyzer Gk. I 588 (*s

i̯üs). Lat. is “he”, id “it” nom. sg. m. (old also īs, inschr. eis, eis-dem, provided either with -s IE *ei = O.Ind. ay-ám, as one considers also for Umbr. er-e and certain for Ir. (h)ē “he” such a basic form *ei-s, or reshuffled of is after eiius, e(i)ī); acc. altLat. im (= Gk. ἴν) and em, doubled emem “ the same, at the same time “ (from the parallel stem e-?) = adv. em “ then, at that time, in those times “ and *im in inter-im “at the same time, meanwhile, in the meantime “, in-de “ from that place, thence “, dat. abl. pl. ībus (: O.Ind. ēbhyá ḥ ); Osc. iz-io “ he “, idic, ídík “ it “ (the affix -ík, -ic is itself the solidified adverb from n. *id + *ke), Osc. ís-ídum “ the same “ and esídum ds., Umbr. er-e “ he “ ers-e er̆-e “ it “, Umbr. dat. sg. esmei, esmik, gen. pl. Osc. eisun-k, Umbr. esom (= O.Ind. ēṣ̌ ǘ m); thereout a stem *eiso- would be deduced besides in nom.-acc.-forms, e.g. Osc. eizois “ with them “, Umbr. eru-ku “ with it “, however, it is to be reckoned after all with an old n. *ed, compare Lat. ecce “ behold! lo! see! “ (probably from *ed-ke) = Osc. ekk-um (*ed-ke-um) “ likewise, besides, also, further, moreover, too, as well “, and perhaps acc. mēd, tēd, sēd, if from *mē, *tē, *sē + ed, although this assumes only a more solidified adverb *ed; Ital. eo-, eü, in Osc.-Umbr. only in nom. (besides sg. m. n.) and acc., in Lat. mainly in almost all case oblique (only eius from *esi̯o-s, thereafter dat. ei stands apart), e.g. Lat. ea ‘she”, eam “her”, Osc. iúk, ioc ‘she”, ionc “him”, under eam “her”, have derived from O.Ind. nom. ay-ám corresponding form *e(i̯)om, because of their ending -om would be perceived as acc. and entailed eam “her” etc. iam by Varro 1.1. 5, 166 and 8, 44 probably spelling mistake for eam “her”. - From Lat. here ipse ‘self, in person “ from *-is-pse (because of aLat. fem. eapse), is-te (however, ille “ that, that yonder, that one; emphatically, that well-known; the former, (sometimes the latter)” only afterwards reshuffled ollus), compare Umbr. estu “ that of yours, that beside you “; O.Ir. ē (hē) “he” (probably *ei-s), see above; ed (hed) “it” (from *id-ü = Goth. ita, wherewith formal identical O.Ind. idü “now, yet”; but Lith. tadà “then” required because of E.Lith. tadù an auslaut in nasal); nom. pl. ē (hē) m. f. n. = mkymr. wy (hwynt-wy) probably at least partly from IE *ei (additional information by Thurneysen Gk. 283), acc. sg. Bret. en “him, it” (prefixed), Welsh e (also), Ir. -an- (also), -i (suffixed after verbs; after prepositions partly also, e.g. airi from *ari-en “ on him “, partly only more as having a lasting softening effect, e.g. foir from *u̯or-en), gen. sg. *esi̯o, f. *esi̯üs “his, her”, prokLith. a, older partly still e, æ; Welsh *eið- after the example of the conjugated preposition to differentiated M.Welsh eidaw, f. eidi, wherewith identical O.Ir. a “his, its” (len.) and “her” (geminated), Welsh Corn. y, Bret. e, etc.; about O.Ir. accentuated üi, üe “his, her” and dat. pl. -ib s. Thurneysen Gk. 285; Goth. is “he”, acc. in-a, neutr. it-a (see above) “it” (in addition new formed plural forms: Goth. eis from *ei̯-es, acc. ins, dat. im, O.H.G. O.S. im) O.H.G. er, ir, acc. in-an, in; n. iz; O.S. in-a, n. it; O.N. Relative particle es, er, Run. eR; of stem e-: gen. sg. Goth. m. is, f. izos, O.H.G. m. n. es(is), f. ira(iru), O.S. es(is), era(ira); gen. pl. Goth. ize, izo, O.S. O.H.G. iro; dat. sg. f. Goth. izai, O.H.G. (with other ending) iru; m. n. Goth. imma, O.H.G. imu, imo, O.S. imu; of stem ī- Goth. acc. ija (O.H.G. sia etc. with s-suggestion after nom. sī̆ ), whereupon new formed plural forms, Goth. nom. acc. ijōs (O.H.G. sio); Lith. jìs “he”, acc. jį̃ (to anl. j- s. Brugmann Grundr. II2 2, 331), fem. jì, acc. ją̃ (jõs, jaĩ etc.); but O.C.S. acc. sg. f. jǫ, nom. acc. pl. f. ję (about the other case s. Brugmann aaO.), acc. sg. m. -(j)ь in vidity-jь ‘sees him”, vъń-ь “to him” etc. (about further Slav. supplementary, e.g. jakъ “ interrog. of what kind?; reLat. of the kind that, such as; indef. having some quality or other. adv. qualiter, as, just as “, jelikъ “ interrog. how great?; exclam. how great!; interrog. how much?; exclam. how much!; reLat. as much as; for how much, at what price; by how much “, s. Berneker 416 f.) rather from IE i̯o-; according to Pedersen Hitt. 58 f. should contain the Pron. -aš “he” etc. ein o in ablaut to IE *esi̯o etc. (?); since stem i- has probably preserved n. it “it” in association with netta “ and as you “ (*nu-it-ta) (Friedrich Heth. Elem. I 27); compare hierogl. Hitt. is “this”, acc. jO.N. B. Relative stem i̯o-: O.Ind. yás, yǘ , yád, Av. yō, Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ “who, what, which, the one that”, Phryg. ιος (νι) “ whoever “, Slav. *i̯a- in i-že, f. ja-že etc., Balt under Slav. in the solidified form of adjective, e.g. Lith. geràs-is, O.Pruss. pirmann-ien, -in, O.C.S. dobry-jь (see Berneker 416 f., Trautmann 105 f.). Dubious (Lith. jeĩ “ what if, when “, Goth. jabai “ what if, when “) s. by Brugmann II2 2, 347 f. (Lith.); Celtic by Pedersen KG. II 235, Thurneysen Gk. 323, however, Welsh a can not belong to it. comparative O.Ind. yatará-, Av. yatüra-, Gk. (Cret. gort.) ὅτερος “ one or the other of two “; compare O.Ind. yüvat, Gk. ἕως, Dor. ἇς (*ἁ:Fος) “ as long as “, O.Ind. yüd “ inasmuch, as “ = Gk. ὡς “as”; s. Schwyzer Gk. I 528, 614 f. C. particles and adverbs: About the nominal and adverbial particle ē̆, ō̆ see above S. 280 f. e-, ē- Augment (“*then, at that time “) O.Ind. a- (also ü-, e.g. ü-vr̥ṇak), Av. a-, Arm. e- (e.g. e-lik” = ἔ-λιπε), Gk. ἐ- (also ἠ-, e.g. Hom. ἤFείδη). e- in O.Ind. a-sǘ u “that” (besides Av. hüu), a-dáḥ “that; there”, a-dyǘ , a-dyá “today (this present day)” (stem compound?), á-ha “certainly, yes”; Arm. e-t”e (besides t”e) “ that, in the event that “; Gk. ἐ-χθές, ἐ-κεῖ, ἐ-κεῖνος (besides κεῖνος); Osc. e-tanto, Umbr. e-tantu “, of such a size, so great; as, so far; for so much, worth so much; by so much “, Osc. päl. e-co “ this, this one; this present; here; in this place, in this matter; hereupon “, Osc. exo- (*e-ke-so) “ this, this one; this present; here; in this place, in this matter; hereupon “; O.C.S. (j)e-se “ behold! lo! see! “ (besides se ds), aRuss. ose, Russ. é-to “there, that, that here”, é-tot “that here, that, this” (besides tot “that”); Serb. Bulg. e-to “there, that” (etc., s. Berneker 259 f); Maybe Alb. a-të “that, the one there”, a-to f. “they”, a-ta m. “they”, a-tje “there” a “interrogative particle”; enclitic particle of gen. and (attribute) adj. m. i (from he), f. e (from she). insecure Goth. i-bai, i-ba interrogative particle, O.H.G. ibu, oba, O.S. O.N. ef “if” and “whether”, O.E. gif, Eng. if ds.; about *eno- in Gk. ἔνη etc. see special headword. To e- also the comparative formation Av. atüra- “ this, the one from the two, the other “, ds., Alb. ját(ë)rë “other”, Umbr. etro- “other”, Lat. in cēterus “ the other, the rest; acc. n. sing. as adv. otherwise, moreover, but “, O.C.S. eterъ, jeterъ “whoever”, pl. jeteri(ji) ‘some, few”, nsorb. wótery.

    Note: Alb. and Slavic use j- for the lost laryngeal ḫ-. ed (nom. acc. sg. n.): about Lat. ecce, mēd see above; Av. at̃ to the emphasis of the preceding word (as it̲, see under; Bartholomae AltIran. Wb. 67); probably also in O.C.S. jedinъ, -ьпъ “ someone “ as “*just, only one”; whether also Church Slavic jede, kyjь “ a certain, a kind of, as one might say “ from doubled *ed-ed or after ide in attached ending *ed? (Berneker 261, disputed from Brũckner KZ. 45, 302, compare Meillet Slave comm.2 444.) ēd and ōd (abl.): O.Ind. üt “ therefore, next; and; (in subsequent clause) so”, Av. üat̃ “next, therefore, then; and; but; since “, E.Lith. e ̃ “and but” (O.C.S. i “and” is rather *ei), Lith. õ “and, but” = O.C.S. a “but”. ei (loc.): Gk. εἰ “*so, if, whether “ (εἶ-τα “ then, next “, εἴ-θε “ would that! “, ἐπ-εί (compare el. ἐπ-ή) “ after that, after, since, when “, ἔπ-ειτα “thereupon”; besides dial. αἰ, loc. of f. stem ᾱ, and ἠ instr. “if”; O.C.S. i “and, also” (compare ti “and” of stem *to-; from Brũckner KZ. 46, 203 placed against it = Lith. teĩ), Goth. -ei relative particle (compare Þei of stem *to- in same meaning), e.g. sa-ei “who, what, which, the one that”, after Junker KZ. 43, 348 also Arm. abl.-ending -ē. See also under ī-. em (aLat. em, see above S. 282) lies before in Gk. ἔνθα “ there, to there, at that time “, rel. “where, whereto, where, whence”, ἔνθεν “ there, from there, from where” etc. (Schwyzer Gk. I 628); about O.Ir. and see above S. 37 and compare Cypr. ἄνδα αὕτη. e-tos: O.Ind. á-taḥ “from here” (see under eti). i: probably in loc. in IE -i; further the base of the comparative formation *i-tero-: O.Ind. itara- “the other” (neuIran. equivalent by Bartholomae IF. 38, 26 f.); Lat. íterum “ again, a second time, once more, anew “; further in O.Ind. i-va “as” (compare above ἠ-Fε “as”); in Gk. ἰ-δέ “and” (compare ἠ-δέ). i-dha and i-dhe: O.Ind. i-há, prükr. idha, Av. iδa “here”; Gk. ἰθαγενής “(* born in lawful wedlock, legitimate; born here “, hence:) inborn, lawfully born “ (about ἰθαιγενής s. Schwyzer Gk. I 448); Lat. ibī “ in that place, there “ (the sound development dh to f, b after ubī; in auslaut directed after the locative the o-stem), Umbr. ife “ in that place, there “, ifont “ in the same place, in that very place, just there, on the spot “ (ar. and Ital. forms could contain themselves also -dhe, compare O.Ind. ku-ha = O.C.S. kъ-de “where” [Alb. kudo “everywhere”], sь-de “here” and Schwyzer Gk. I 6274); M.Welsh yd, у Welsh ydd verbal particle, Corn. yz, yth-, Bret. ez-? (see Pedersen KG. II 234, Lewis-Pedersen 243, Thurneysen Gk. 324 f.); in addition also O.Ir. prefixed -id- from *id(h)e or*id(h)i. i-t(h)-: O.Ind. itthǘ, itthǘ d “here, there”, Av. iÞü̆ ‘so”, O.Ind. itthám ‘so” and with -t- (-tǝ orti?) O.Ind. íti ‘so”; Lat. ita ‘so”, item “also, likewise”, Umbr. itek “ in this manner, in this wise, in such a way, so, thus, accordingly, as has been said “, M.Welsh preverb yt-, Welsh yd-, e.g. in yr yd-wyf “I am”; Lith. dial. it “ by all means; as “, ìt, ỹt “ completely, very much “, Ltv. it, itin “ surely, just “. ī́ (stressed to the strengthening of a deixis word, unstressed behind a relatively used word): O.Ind. ī́ (also ī́m), Av. ī́ emphasizing postpositive, after relative in ved. yad-ī; Gk. οὑτοσ-ί̄, -ί̄ν (= O.Ind. īm? or previously new extension from -ī́ ?), ἐκεινοσ-ί:, el. το-ΐ; Umbr. probably in po-ei “interrog. adj. which? what? what kind of?; exclam., what!; indef. any, some; reLat. who, which, what, that; interrog. in what manner? how?; reLat. wherewith, wherefrom; indef. somehow” (etc.), Lat. in utī “ how (interrog. and exclam); reLat. as, in whatever way; as, as being; as when, while, since, when; where; how; o that; granted that; so that, namely that; final, in order that; that, to; that...not” (from *uta-ī); O.Ir. (h)ī deixis particle and particle before relative clauses; Goth. -ei Relative particle in sa-ei, iz-ei, ik-ei whereas probably IE *ei, see above; O.C.S. intensifying in to-i (see Berneker 416), O.C.S. e-i “ yes, indeed “ (? Berneker 296). Also in 1. part from O.Ind. ī-dr̥c̨- “ looking so, resembling so “, Lith. ū-pačiai “ particularly, specially, especially, particular: in particular, peculiarly, separately, extra, notably “, y-patùs “ lonely, only, apart, peculiarly “. Doubtful, if from IE *ei or ī: O.E. ī́dæges “ of the same day “, īsiðes “to same time”, īlca (*īlīca) “the same”, wherewith perhaps O.N. ī dag “today” (although understood as preposition ī) and refined afterwards ī gǣ r “ yesterday “, ī fjǫrð “ a year ago, last year “ interrelate; It is unclear üi (loc. fem. in adverbial solidification) in O.Ind. üi-šá maḥ adv. “this year”, meaning “just this year - the same” as Gk. ἰῶ ἤματι, s. Schulze KZ. 42, 96 = Kl. Schr. 5396, Holthausen KZ. 47, 310, Junker KZ. 43, 438 f., with O.Ind. words also Arm. aižm combined from *ai žam. The same as mentioned before Arm. demonstratives ai-s, ai-d, ai-n contain *üi in conjunction with Pron.-stem *k̂o-, *to-, *no- (Junker ааО.); compare Benveniste Origines 129 ff., Schwyzer Gk. I 548 f. i̯üm (= acc. sg. f.): Lat. iam “ now, by now, already; of future time, immediately, presently, soon; henceforth; further, moreover; just, indeed “, Goth. ja, O.H.G. jü̆ “ indeed “; with the ending of loc. sg. in *-ou- the u-stem: *i̯ou, *i̯u “already” (from Kretschmer KZ. 31, 466 placed against it to *i̯eu- “new”) : Lith. jaũ “already”, Ltv. jàu, O.C.S. ju “already”, zero grade Goth. O.H.G. O.S. O.E. ju “already” (the formation is similar to Goth. Þau, Þau-h, O.E. Þeah, O.Ind. tú “but” to stem *to-). i̯üi (== loc. sg. f.): Goth. jai “ yea, in truth, indeed “, Ger. jē (jeh), Umbr. ie perhaps “ now, by now, already; of future time, immediately, presently, soon; henceforth; further, moreover; just, indeed “ in ie-pru, ie-pi; but Welsh ie (disyllabic) “ yes, indeed “ from M.Welsh ī-ef “this (is) it”. D. compositions and derivatives (not classed above thus far): O.Ind. ē-šá , ē-šǘ , ē-tát, Av. аēšа-, aēta- “ he himself “ (*ei-so, -to-, while Arm. aid from *üi-to-, see above; Osc. Umbr. eiso-, ero- against it from gen. pl. *eisōm); (m) Arm. i-sa, i-ta, i-na Dimin. from *ei-k̂o-, -to-, -no- (Junker KZ. 43, 346 f.); O.Ind. ē-vá, ē-vá-m ‘so”, wherefore with the meaning-development “ just in such a way, just him - only him - only, one “; Av. aēva-, O.Pers. aiva- “ one, solely, only “, Gk. οἶος, Cypr. οἶFος “by himself, only” (IE *oiu̯e, *oiu̯os); s. also above S. 75. oi-nos: O.Ind. ē-na- “he” (could also be *ei-no-); Arm. -in the identity adverb andrēn “ ibid “, astēn “ just here “, perhaps also the identity pronoun so-in “the same here”, do-in “the same there”, no-in “the same there” (“ just him, one and the same “; *oino-s at first to ēn, still in the meaning “god”, d. h. “the one”, and in so-in etc. weakened to -in, Junker KZ. 43, 342; for so-in he also considers *k̂o- + ĕnos); different Meillet Esquisse 88; Gk. οἶνος, οἶνη “ one in the dice “; Lat. ūnus, old oinos; O.Ir. ōen “one”; Welsh Bret. Corn. un “one, a (also indefinite article)”; Goth. ains, O.H.G. ein, O.N. einn (here belongs altN.. einka “ particularly, specially, especially, particular: in particular, peculiarly, separately, extra, notably “ and further ekkja “ widow”, ekkill “ widower”); O.Pruss. ains (f. ainü ) “one”, ablaut. Lith. ūnas and ìnas “ surely, really “; besides with präfig. particle (?): Lith. víenas, Ltv. viêns “one” (because of Lith. vičveĩ nelis “all alone, completely “ from *einos), ablaut. Ltv. vińš “he” (*vini̯as; compare Ser.-Cr. ȉn from *ēino-); s. Trautmann 3, Endzelin Ltv. Gk. 356, 381 f. Maybe Alb. (*vini̯as) vetë “he himself, she herself; self, in person “, vetëm “one, alone unique” [common Alb. n > nt > t phonetic mutation]. O.C.S. inъ “ one; only one; one and the same “ and “ another, other, different “, ino-rogъ “ unicorn “, vъ inǫ “ on and on, always “, inokъ “ alone, only, single, sole “ (= Goth. ainaha “ solely, unique “, Lat. ūnicus, O.N. einga, O.E. ünga, O.H.G. einac, O.S. ēnag, Ger. einig), next to which O.C.S. jed-inъ (to 1. part, probably IE *ed, see above) “one”, from which by shortening in longer inflection forms e.g. jednogo (inscribed jedьnogo), Russ. odinъ, odnogo.

    Note: This is all wrong etymology. Root e-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- : “this, etc. (demonstrative stem); one” derived from the reduced Root eĝ-, eĝ(h)om, eĝō : “I”. Indic languages display -ĝ- > -y-, Germanic -ĝ- > -g-, Italic -ĝh- > -cc, kk-, Slavic -ĝh- > -d- phonetic mutatIon. O.C.S.: jedinъ “one” [num o]; jedьnъ “one” [num o] derived from eĝ(h)omn [common Balt- Illyr. -ĝh- > -d- phonetic mutatIon. Common prothetic Slavic j-, Baltic Illyrian v- stand for the lost laryngeal ḫ-. Maybe zero grade in Alb. (*ĝ(h)omn) një “one” similar to Alb. njoh (*ĝnē-sk̂ō) “know”. With formants -ko- (as O.Ind. dviká “consisting of two”) O.Ind. ēka- “ one; only one; one and the same “, ēkatī́ ya “the one”, urind. (in Hitt. Text) aika-vartana “ a spin, one rotation “ (Kretschmer KZ. 55, 93); about Lat. ūnicus, Goth. ainaha, O.C.S. inokъ see above ë Maybe compound Alb.Gheg (*nie uka) nuk, Tosc nuku, nukë “(*not one) no, not” With formants -go- Goth. ainakls “ single, spouseless “ (also above O.N. einka etc.), Church Slavic inogъ “ solitary, of male beasts which have been driven from the herd: hence, savage, ferocious, a griffin or dragon “; s. Feist 22 f. Similar reverting together with e- (e.g. O.Ind. asǘ u) and üi- (O.Ind. üišá maḥ , Arm. ain etc.) see above. It seems that root lemma for number one spread spread from Indo European to Dravidian, then to to Semitic: Indo-European Germanic: Old Germanic+ *ainaz, Western : Old English+ án, Middle English+ an, English one, Scots ane, Old Frisian+ en, W.Frisian ien, Frisian (Saterland) aan, Dutch een, W/S Flemish ièn, Brabants iën, Low Saxon een, Emsland ein, Mennonite Plautdietsch een, Afrikaans een, German eins, Central Bavarian oans, Swabian oes, Alsatian eins, Cimbrian òan, Rimella ais, Rheinfränkisch ääns, Pennsylvania eens, Luxembourgeois eent, Swiss German eis, Yiddish eyns, Middle High German+ ein, Old High German+ ein, Northern : Runic+ æinn, Old Norse+ einn, Norwegian en (Ny. ein), Danish én, Swedish en, Faroese ein, Old Icelandic+ einn, Icelandic einn, Eastern : Gothic+ ains, Crimean+ ene, Italic: Oscan+ uinus, Umbrian+ uns, Latin+ u:nus, Romance : Mozarabic+ uno, Portuguese um, Galician un, Spanish uno, Ladino unu, Asturian uno, Aragonese un, Catalan un, Valencian u, Old French+ un, French un, Walloon onk, Jèrriais ieune, Poitevin in, Old Picard+ ung, Picard in, Occitan (Provençal) un, Lengadocian un, Gascon un, Auvergnat vun, Limosin un, Franco-Provençal (Vaudois) on, Rumantsch Grischun in, Sursilvan in, Vallader ũn, Friulian ue-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- (*ḫeĝ(h)om)ng, Ladin un, Dalmatian+ join, Italian uno, Piedmontese ũn, Milanese vun, Genovese un, Venetian on, Parmesan von, Corsican unu, Umbrian unu, Neapolitan unë, Sicilian unu, Romanian unu, Arumanian unu, Meglenite unu, Istriot ur, Sardinian unu, Celtic: Proto- Celtic+ oinos, Gaulish+ *ônos, Brythonic (P-Celtic) : Welsh un, Cardiganshire în, Breton unan, Vannetais unan, Unified Cornish+ un, Common onan, Modern on, Devonian+ un, Goidelic (Q-Celtic) : Old Irish+ óen, Irish aon, Scots Gaelic aon, Manx nane, Hellenic: Mycenean Greek+ e-me (*hemei), Classical Greek+ hei:s, Greek éna, Cypriot énas, Tsakonian éna, Tocharian: Tocharian A+ sas, Tocharian B+ se, Albanian: Albanian një, Gheg (Qosaj) n”â, Tosk (Mandritsa) ni, Armenian: +Classical Armenian mi, Armenian mek, Baltic West : O.Pruss.+ ai:ns, East : Lithuanian víenas, Latvian viêns, Latgalian vi:ns, Slavic East : Russian odín, odín, Belarussian adzín, adzín, Ukrainian odín, ody”n, West : Polish jeden, Kashubian jeden, Polabian+ janũ, Czech jeden, Slovak jeden, West jeden, East jeden, Upper Sorbian jedyn, Lower Sorbian jaden, South : Old Church Slavonic+ jedinu, Bulgarian edín, Macedonian eden, Serbo-Croat jèdan, Slovene ena, Anatolian: Hittite+ *a:nt-, Luwian+ *a-, Lycian+ sñta, Indo-Iranian: Proto-Indo-Iranian+ *aiwas, Iranian Eastern: Ossetian Iron iu, Digor ieu, Avestan+ ae:uua-, Khwarezmian+ “yw, Sogdian+ “yw, Yaghnobi i:, Bactrian+ io:go, Saka+ s’s”au, Pashto yaw, Wakhi i:, Munji yu, Yidgha yu, Ishkashmi uk, Sanglechi vak, Shughn yi:w, Rushani yi:w, Yazgulami wu,; Sarikoli (Tashkorghani) iw, Parachi zhu, Ormuri so:, Western NorthWest : Parthian+ “yw, Yazdi ya, Nayini yak, Natanzi yæk, Khunsari yäg, Gazi yeg, Sivandi yä, Vafsi yey, Semnani i, Sangisari yækæ”, Gilaki yek, Mazanderani yak, Talysh i, Harzani i, Zaza zhew, Gorani yak, Baluchi yek, Turkmenistan yak, E Hill yak, Rakhshani (Western) yekk, Kermanji (S) Kurdish yak, Zaza (N) Kurdish e:k, Bajalani ikke:, Kermanshahi yäkî”, SouthWest : Old Persian+ aiva, Pahlavi+ e:vak, Farsi yak, Isfahani ye(k), Tajik yak, Tati yæ, Chali i, Fars yek, Lari yak, Luri ya, Kumzari yek, Nuristani : Ashkun ach, Wasi-weri i pũ:n, Kati ev, Kalasha-ala ew, Indic : Sanskrit+ éka, Prakrit+ ekko:, Ardhamagadhi+ ege, Pali+ eka, Romany (Gypsy): Spanish yes, Welsh yek”, Kalderash yek(h), Syrian e:kâ, Armenian jäku, Iranian yek, Sinhalese-Maldivian: Sinhalese eka, Vedda ekamay, Maldivian eke, Northern India: Dardic: Kashmiri akh, Shina êk, Brokskat e:k, Phalura a:k, Bashkarik ak, Tirahi ek, Torwali ek, Wotapuri yek, Maiya ak, Kalasha ek, Khowar i, Dameli ek, Gawar-bati yok, Pashai i:, Shumashti yäk, Nangalami yak, Dumaki ek, Western: Marathi ek, Konkani êk, Sindhi hiku, Khatri hakro, Lahnda hikk, Central: Hindi/ Urdu ek, Parya yek, Punjabi yk, Siraiki hik, Gujarati ek, Rajasthani (Marwari) e:k, Banjari (Lamani) ek, Malvi e:k, Bhili e:k, Dogri ik, Kumauni e:k, Garhwali e:k, W Pahari e:k, Khandeshi e:k, East Central: Nepali ek, Maithili ek, Magahi ek, Bhojpuri e:k, Awadhi (Kosali) e:k, Chattisgarhi e:k, Eastern: Oriya ek, Bengali æk, Assamese ek, Mayang a: Dravidian NorthWest : Brahui asi, Northeast : Kurukh onta:, Malto ort, Central : Kolami okkod, Naiki okko, Parji o:kuri:, Gadaba okur, Telugu okati, Gondi undi:, Koya orro, Konda unri, Manda ru, Pengo ro, Kui ro, Kuvi ro:ndi, South : Tulu onji, Koraga onji, Kannada ondu, Badaga ondu, Kodagu ondũ, Kurumba -onde, Toda wïd, Kota vodde, Tamil onrru, Malayalam onnu, Irula vondunder Burushashki Hunza hik, Yasin hek Etruscan Etruscan+ thu(n) Semitic East: Akkadian+ ishte:n, Central: Arabic wa:hid, Kashka-Darya fad, Saudi waahid, Yemeni waahid, Syrian wa:hed, Lebanese wähad, Cypriot ?éxen, Iraqi waahid, Egyptian wa:hid, E Libyan “wahad, N African (Darja) wa:hed, Moroccan wahed, Sudanese wa|ahid, Nigerian wa:hid, Zanzibari wa:hi, Maltese wieh=ed, Phoenecian+ “-h-d, Ugaritic+ ahd; Moabite+: Classical Hebrew+ “ahat, Modern Hebrew “axat, Classical Aramaic+ xadh, Modern Aramaic âhad, Classical Syriac+ hadh, Syriac kha, Van he; South: Old S. Arabian+ “-h-d, South Arabian (Harsusi) t”a:d, (Sheri) t”ad, Socotra t”ad; N Ethiopic: Geez+ ?ah=adu, Tigre worot, Beni Amir orot, Tigrinya hade; S Ethiopic: Amharic and, Argobba hand, Harari ahad, E Gurage ad, Gafat+ ajjä, Soddo att Goggot quna, Muher at, Masqan at, CW Gurage at, Ennemor Att.

    References: WP. I 95 ff., WH. I 368 f., 399 f., 409, 671, 720 ff., 869, Trautmann 3, 65, 72, 105, Schwyzer Gk. I 548, 588, 608, 613 f., 628 f., 651.